Human Nature And How Social Surroundings Play A Large Role...

For over the past centuries Aboriginal people have endured a long history of suffering due too detrimental effects of Western society; in their attempt to culturally assimilate which has caused catastrophic consequences within aboriginal individuals and communities as a whole. The extent and persistence of settler’s society inflicted on indigenous people have severely disrupted the culture and have left traumatic scarring. The traumatic events that the indigenous people have experienced, have left them with little or no options, leaving them to turn to less favourable ways, of coping with their reality. To this day, it is still evident that Aboriginal people still face profound social issues caused by our dominant society, which have left them unable to adapt. In order to understand the brutality, it is necessary to investigate the importance of culture and history of how Aboriginals became who they are today, as well the different theoretical approaches in regards to human be haviours and learning theories associated with it. This is reflected on aspects of our human nature and how social surroundings play a large role in human development. To understand the traumatic experiences Aboriginals faced it is crucial to know the importance of culture and the nature of human relations and development, to precisely pin point what in their history has led them to their current standings today. This dates back to the late 15th century, pre-colonization of Canada. Aboriginal peopleShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Human Nature And Behavior1178 Words   |  5 Pages Human nature, or the usual behavioral patterns of most humans alive today, is influenced by a great number of characteristics, mannerisms, and unique traits that are not found in many other organisms across the globe. Two such characteristics, namely language and communication, are so distinct that they can be regarded as the main components for the development and creation of human nature itself, acting as the basis for human consciousness and development. However, although these social constructsRead MoreThe Processes by Which Genes and Environment Operate Together to I nfluence Development1597 Words   |  7 PagesThe Processes by Which Genes and Environment Operate Together to Influence Development Psychologists have argued for centuries over which has played the larger role in child development, heredity or environment. 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In the science of psychology, many debates arise; nature vs. nurture is one of the most popular ones. These psychological debates are followed by research, backing up either nature or nurture or both. Nature suggest heredity impacts human psychological development; nurture suggests the environment impacts our psychologicalRead MoreSocial Interactions : The Inner Circle1203 Words   |  5 PagesThe inner circle is the majority of one’s social interactions, especially at a young age, when they are the most impressionable, these social interactions are a quintessential part of forming their identity. Where and how one lives also greatly influences how they develop, it can decide many behaviors and views on the world that surrounds someone. One factor that is often overlooked is one’s enemies or struggles, which hold a strong role in development of oneâ €™s identity. Arguably the most importantRead MoreLev Vygotsky And The Sociocultural Theory Of Development1016 Words   |  5 PagesThe nature versus nurture debate has been argued since the beginning of the discovery of biology and human evolution. And to this day continues to be a controversy that continues to be highly debated by psychologists and biologists. A fundamental individual is Lev Vygotsky who developed and introduced the Sociocultural Theory of development that was heavily dependent on the influence of environmental factors—such as social groups, culture and institutions—on the cognitive development of childrenRead MoreThe Role Of Nature And Nurture Development At Childhood Stages1603 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood Development Student’s Name University Name â€Æ' Childhood Development Introduction Twins who have the same genetic makeup raised up in a different environment have portrayed variation in performance and other dynamics of intelligence quotients, physical development, and socioemotional development. Research on adoptions has also revealed interesting results concerning biological and nature in the development of the children. Therefore, this raises the question about the roles of nature and nurtureRead MoreMead s Theory Of Self And Society1518 Words   |  7 Pagesin a world that is in a large part constructed in accordance with social and societal norms. He believed that objects, events, and behaviors come from the interpretation people give them, and interpretations vary from one group to another. In specific, the meaning of objects, events, and behaviors comes from the meaning people give these objects events, and behavior; thus, the interpretations may certainly vary from one group of people to the next. Mead emphasized that human beings do not react directlyRea d MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Nature Versus Nurture1678 Words   |  7 PagesNature Versus Nurture Personality development expands far past the environment. Environment contribute to most of the personality development when it comes to nature versus nurture. Nature versus nurture is a trait that is typically inherited in the human society. Humans see things good or bad within the environment and mimic it. There are questions that still remain about nature versus nurture and the environment. Research is still ongoing and theories are still being made or developed. ScientistsRead MoreWilliam Cronon And Neil Smith1259 Words   |  6 Pagesto a different approach of human conceptual relationship with nature. In The Trouble with Wilderness, William Cronon speaks about how we reject our responsibility toward nature and the potential danger existing in our conception of wilderness (or nature).   On the other hand, Neil Smith in The Production of Nature introduces us to how humanity transforms the nature in the process of producing commodities. William Cronon discusses how we separate ourselves from our nature of origin (or village) merely

Analysis Of The Poem Comedia - 947 Words

In his life Dante, Alighieri was a famed author, poet, and statesman. Over the course of his life the esteemed thirteenth century Italian wrote a handful of successful works. However, Dante is undoubtedly best known for his critically acclaimed epic poem, Comedà ¬a, which would later be called The Divine Comedy. Comedà ¬a has 3 parts: Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso. The first installment, Inferno, may currently be the most well known of the three poems, spawning countless reprints, several movies and even a video game. Despite being known as a comedy, anyone who has read Inferno realizes that the story is full of symbolism, double entendres, political messages, allusions, religious undertones†¦ the list goes on. However, there are several comedic elements in the story that distinguish it from other epic poems such as The Odyssey and Beowulf. Dante, unlike most other poets of the time, intended for his poem to have a parodic style, oftentimes poking fun at Christianity and i ts beliefs. Some of these comedic elements will be addressed and analyzed in this essay, supporting the statement that, despite its deeper meaning, Inferno is a work of humor. â€Å"Mappa dell’Inferno,† Botticelli The story of Inferno revolves around Dante Alighieri’s decent into Hell, accompanied by an Angel named Virgil, who was sent from Heaven to assure Dante’s safe journey. The premise of the story alone carries heavy religious symbolism, but careful observation reveals even more religious meaning thanShow MoreRelatedThe Inferno And What Dante1374 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction This paper critically analyzes the character Dante in the Comedia. The paper analyzes the nature of the journey in the Inferno and what Dante needed to learn from it. The changes that were experienced have been analyzed in addition to the important parts of the text that are related to the changes. Moreover, the discussion has been keen to provide relevant illustrations as the case may be in order to emphasize on the character and the changes that are being addressed. Discussion TheRead MorePolitical and Religious Motivations in Dante Alighieri’s Divine Comedia 3036 Words   |  12 PagesI: Introduction For many years Dante Alighieri’s epic poem the Divine Comedia has been known as a work born from his religious perspective and internal conflict of faith. Many have suggested that he wrote the text to share his perspective of Christianity with the world. However, beyond religious implications, Dante sought just as equally, if not more so, to share his political philosophy and the agony inspired by some of the political occurrences in his life with the world. It is important, thenRead MoreModernist Elements in the Hollow Men7051 Words   |  29 Pagestendency, and many other attitudes that typify modernist writings, are present in Eliot’s works. This short paper intends to highlight some modernist elements in Eliot’s The Hollow Men as a poem representative of his new innovative poetry and of the spirit of modernism as a whole. I will look at how the poem reflects this newly new literary movement in terms of both thematic matter and style. This latter, of course, shouldn’t be viewed as constant for there is a permanent quest for a style that isRead More Adult Arts Learning Essay2217 Words   |  9 Pagesimagination in developing new perspectives; they view the arts as a way of engaging adults in imaginative exploration of themselves and their relationship to the world (Dirkx 2000; Kazemek and Rigg 1997). In adult literacy education, analysis of paintings and poems can be a means of developing visual and linguistic acuity, critical thinking, and aesthetic judgment (Dreybus 2000; Kazemek and Rigg 1997). Greene (in Elias, Jones, and Normie 1995) speaks of aesthetic education as a form of critical literacyRead MoreThe Great Divorce and The Divine Comedy3095 Words   |  13 Pagesacknowledge that though the structures may differ in their overall thematic constructions, Dante’s work determines the arrangement of Lewis’s. In fact scholar Joe R. Christopher argues that, â€Å"The Great Divorce is heavily influenced in structure by Dante’s poem—but in a complicated way. A background of the settings will be helpful for the basic discussion, before one considers the structure† (1). Dante’s work is divided into three distinct sections the â€Å"Inferno†, â€Å"Purgatory† and â€Å"Paradise†, with each section

The Beauty of the Fictional World in Nabokov’s Bend Sinister Free Essays

Since the writer himself claims that Bend Sinister is neither â€Å"serious fiction† nor â€Å"literature of social comment,† I will refrain from making something out of nothing (for, though Nabokov does this through his fiction, I would not wish to offend him, even if he cannot socially comment on my offense, just as Karl Marx perhaps disliked the ruin of his own piece). Rather, I shall make the argument that literature to Nabokov is like beauty to life. It is not the story that matters, but instead â€Å"it is for the sake of the pages about David and his father that the book was written and should be read† (xiv). We will write a custom essay sample on The Beauty of the Fictional World in Nabokov’s Bend Sinister or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hence, let us examine what makes Nabokov’s novel so beautiful: What begins as â€Å"An oblong puddle inset in the coarse asphalt† transforms into Padukgrad, a fictional and totalitarian state somewhere in Europe that hosts two men of differing philosophies yet similar power (1). Krug, the protagonist, immediately surfaces as a danger to the Ekwilist society, which Paduk rules as dictator. Although there is a tendency to classify Padukgrad as a dystopia, one must note that Nabokov was highly critical of â€Å"Orwell’s cliches,† calling him a â€Å"mediocre English [writer]† (2).Nabokov argues that he is â€Å"neither a didacticist nor an allegorizer,† both of which could describe Orwell’s anti-totalitarian voice in 1984 (2). Rather, Vladamir Nabokov’s first American novel, Bend Sinister, presents his fictional dictatorship not as an entity on a path to Armageddon, but as a metaphorical chess game, wherein the main character can be interpreted as the White King and the antagonist as the Black King. Eventually, Krug learns that he is in fact playing a live game of chess, and that—ironically—he is the White King in an Armageddon-style chess match for his life. For Krug, a philosopher and professor, there is no draw.Nabokov conscientiously places Krug in Padukgrad, for it is with precision that chess players both set and move their pieces. Whereas a king piece is safest in its initial location, beside the queen and behind a row of pawns, Bend Sinister begins with Krug’s observing â€Å"a fancy footprint filled to the brim with quicksilver . . . from a hospital window† (1-2). Nabokov details a rather wonderful scene of a puddle in November. Beauty, I argue, and the hospital are places of sanctuary, a place where one can reflect on â€Å"the beating of [his] loving heart† (xiv). The beauty ends, however.It becomes known that â€Å"the operation has not been successful and [Krug’s] wife will die† (2). In the first chapter, to alight on the metaphor of chess, Krug essentially loses his queen and is subsequently forced to play the rest of the game without what is generally the most powerful piece. Also, it is interesting that he loses his queen in the first person. Throughout most of the novel, Krug is written in the third-person-omniscient voice, and only when the writer intends to remind the reader that Bend Sinister is not a contemporary novel, that it is truly an apocryphal work meant for beauty, does he switch his point of view.Perhaps, Nabokov is presenting the dramatic moment (of the chess game) through Krug’s (the king’s) eyes to convey the move’s gravity. However, Nabokov again shifts to the first person perspective on the second to last page, just after â€Å"another and better bullet hit† Krug (240). In this sense, Nabokov utilizes the third person to communicate his story and the first person to denote the loss of White’s two most impo rtant pieces—the King and queen, respectively. It is also this style that categorizes Bend Sinister as post-post-modernism literature, for Nabokov clarifies that, â€Å"among the chaos of written and rewritten pages . . a big moth was clinging with furry feet† to his [the metafictional writer’s] window (240). Moreover, I shall use this style to make my own points: Orwell’s dystopic world is made real—Nabokov’s world is made fictionally.This is the greatest distinction between the two books. Bend Sinister remains very much a board of pieces that move according to the novelist. And his characters, in turn, are â€Å"absurd images† and â€Å"illusions† both to himself and â€Å"to Krug† (xiv). In essence, the writer is calling the shots—the balls and strikes, and they ‘ain’t nothing till he calls them. By this, Nabokov creates Padukgrad, and in it, Krug and Paduk. Interestingly, Padukgrad’s Ekwilist philosophy of the everyman wishes to create a homogenous, clone-like society wherein each individual is equal and outliers are either integrated or removed. This society, like many totalitarian states, seeks unity through similarity. Thus, Nabokov presents Krug as the counterpart to Paduk—White King versus Black King, good versus evil. For example, Adam Krug is depicted as a â€Å"philosopher . . . ith untidy, dusty, or faintly grizzled locks . . . suggestive of the uncouth chess master or of the morose composer, but more intelligent† and Paduk as someone who â€Å"never got over superficial neatness† (46, 80). This is important not only because of Nabokov’s explicit metaphor, but also because the Ekwilist philosophy preaches â€Å"a remoulding of human individuals in conformity with a well-balanced pattern,† the opposite philosophy of Krug [and Nabokov]. The duality is thusly created by Nabokov through philosophy—another ironic attribute.One pleasure of the book, as the writer would agree, is the humor. For instance, Paduk institutes â€Å"the Party of the Average Man as based on Skotoma’s book,† which argues that â€Å"a certain computable amount of human consciousness [is] distributed throughout the population of the world† and that â€Å"the proudest intellect and the humblest stupidity depended entirely upon the degree of â€Å"world consciousness† (75-76). In this, I find that philosophy kills philosophy, king kills king, and the entire purpose of this book arises.That is, if the sake of the pages are for David and his father (Krug), then the genesis of the Ekwilist philosophy and of Padukgrad are highly significant. David is, after all, killed by both. Nabokov includes in Bend Sinister, after describing the origins of Ekwilism, that Skotoma â€Å"omitted to define both the practical method to be pursued and the kind of person or persons responsible for planning and directing the process† (76). I find this quite humorous for several reasons other than those listed afore. First, Paduk breaks Nabokov’s first rule. Paduk not only takes Skotoma’s book to be â€Å"serious literature,† but then he also misinterprets it. To note, this is why I refrain in my introductory paragraph from making something out of nothing and why I mention Marx, whose philosophy like Skotoma’s is essentially ruined by a lesser, more common man. It is also a reason perhaps for Nabokov’s distaste of George Orwell. Second, it is ironic that the â€Å"kind of person† who instills this philosophy in Paduk is actually Krug, for Krug drives Paduk in their youth to this uniform extreme.On page 36, for example, Nabokov reveals that Paduk, â€Å"the Ruler, colloquially known as the toad, had been a schoolmate† of Krug’s. Then later, on page 50, Krug reveals to his scholarly peers at the University that he â€Å"was something of a bully† and â€Å"used to trip [Paduk] up and sit upon his face . . . every blessed day for about five school years. † This treatment of Paduk eventually leads him to favor the Ekwilist philosophy and form a totalitarian state. It also leads the reader to understand Krug’s and Paduk’s duality, their chess match, and the way in which the White King is losing.Moreover, on the topic of irony and humor (which is beautiful), Bend Sinister is a reflection of Nabokov. One might draw comparison to heraldry whereby the novel derives its name. A sinister is in fact a colored band running from the upper right side of a shield to the lower left side; its opposite is the bend sinister, which runs from left top to right bottom. In the novel, Paduk represents the bend sinister of the shield and Krug represents the sinister, in that the Ekwilist philosophy (the extreme of socialism if you will) is a sinister (evil) bend to the left.Also worthwhile to point out is the name of the shield’s surface—the field. A chess match is a battle of kings and pawns on a battlefield. I make my final and daring argument here, as I still wish not to make something out of nothing, but I wish more to make something rather than nothing: Adam Krug is the metaphorical bend sinister to Nabokov. For instance, Adam Krug is â€Å"a non-smoker,† whereas Nabokov admits that his â€Å"daily consumption of cigarettes had reached the four-package mark† (36, xi). Also, the voice of the novel switches between the writer’s conscious thoughts and Krug’s story.In this way, Krug is Nabokov and Nabokov is Krug, but they are not entirely the same. They are the duality of the writer. Just as the protagonist is the king of the book, so too is the novelist. But because Krug is the non-conscientious half, at least in reality, he is the bend sinister of what is good. Literature is often taken out of context or made to be something out of nothing, and Nabokov hated this fact. I have drawn references to Orwell throughout because he, to the abhorrence of Nabokov, wrote in protest to leftist totalitarian states.By doing this, Orwell is upholding the greatest mistake of making something out of nothing because all totalitarian states, like Padukgrad with Ekwilism, take literature or philosophy out of context, and thus, to make a story from nothing results in nothing. Nabokov, a man of true genius, does not present Krug as one. For, although Krug is the greatest thinker in his own world, the fictional world is not real. The fictional world is merely aesthetics for the ‘real world. ’ And the sake of his presentation is merely for â€Å"David and his father,† Nabokov’s beautiful creations. How to cite The Beauty of the Fictional World in Nabokov’s Bend Sinister, Papers

Evaluation of the Effects of Tax for the Wages-Free-Samples

Questions: 1.Can Robyn be taxed on any part of her salary, from Victoria University, in Australia for the 2016/17 tax year and any other years she acts as coordinator in Calcutta. Fully explain your answer. Ignorer the operation of double tax agreements. 2.Determine what amounts will form part of Pauls assessable income for the 2016/17 taxation year. Fully explain your answer. Answers: 1.Issues: The issue which is discussed below depends on the evaluation of the effects of tax for the wages or the salary which were derived by a resident of Australia who is working overseas and for taxation purposes, has to leave the country. Legislation: C. of T. v. Jenkins 82 ATC 4098 C. of T. v. Applegate(1979) 9 ATR 899 Henderson v. Henderson [1965] 1 All E.R.179 Subsection 6 (1) of income tax assessment act 1936 Taxation rulings of IT 2650 Application: This particular study considers the tax treatment of the salary which have been ascertained by Can Robyn from the Indian Subcontinent in the form of an employment overseas in order to work as an arranger for the University of Calcutta. The requirements for working as a co-ordinator were lengthy, because Can Robyn desired to work for so long as there would be the existence of the course in the University of Calcutta. According to the taxation rulings of IT 2650 the guidelines aim to be laid for ascertaining whether a particular person who leaves the country Australia, to reside overseas temporarily due to work assignments ceases to remain an Australian resident due to the reason of income tax during their stay outside the Country of Australia. [1] In accordance with the subsection 6 (1) of income tax assessment act 1936 individuals having domicile in Australia as given by the commissioner remains satisfied by their abode being outside of the country Australia[2]. According to the statement under subsection 6 (1) an individual residing in Australia, for more than half of the entire year of income will be considered as a resident of Australia unless there is contentment within the commissioner that the individual does not intend to stay in Australia for a permanent period of time. Regarding the subsection 6 (1) of the ITAA 1936 it can be stated that Can Robyn would be considered as a resident of Australia as she has stayed in Australia for not less than half of the entire year of income before leaving the country[3]. Evidently, a flat was under the ownership of Can Robyn, and it was not abandoned by her. There is a possibility that the flat owned by Can Robyn was on mortgage and the amount of mortgage was paid from the income of employment which was received in the bank account in Australia. According to the statement in Henderson v. Henderson [1965] 1 All E.R.179 the own origin of a persons domicile is maintained unless the particular individual acquires their own choice of domicile in a different state by the law operations[4]. From the current study it can be stated that Can Robyn has kept her Melbourne flat retained, and it is her intention to return to Australia clearly which foreseen as well as expected, as also the contingency after the end of her employment in Calcutta University. Based on the liability of Tax, on the segment of income which is assessable in the bank account in Australia, the tax liability originates in the connected to the taxation ruling of IT 2650 the residence of the taxpayers must be considered after putting the rulings discussed above[5]. In case the references F.C. of T. v. Applegate(1979) 9 ATR 899 the question of the utmost importance is the residential status of an individual organisation leaving the Australian country for the tax purpose. In general the particular individual leaving Australia permanently would be regarded as upholding the Australian Domicile omitting the individual gets a different place to stay based on the law operations[6]. According to the present situation, Can Robyn will be considered to have kept her Australian Citizenship due to the maintenance of her bank account in Australia such that it becomes possible for her to pay for her mortgage flat from the remuneration amount provided to her in her bank account in Australia. Thus, a Visa in working condition for a significant period of time would not be thought of as sufficient evidence of attaining a new domicile for Can Robyn. Determining the consequences of tax, the salary received by Can in her bank account would be considered as foreign employment of income. The foreign employment and its income, can be defined as that income of a particular individual who is an Australian resident working as an employee overseas. Any resident of Australia, is usually taxed on the basis of income which is obtained in every quarter of the world. In connection to the present scenario, Can Robyns income amount obtained from the Australian bank account belonging to her would be treated as assessable income. It is to be understood that the a payment given in Australia can still qualify for foreign income even if the amount is not derived by a person working outside the country anywhere overseas. With regard to F.C. of T. v. Jenkins 82 ATC 4098 the foreign employment obtained from the Indian subcontinent, would attract the liability of tax and is likely to comprise a segment of the assessable income in the form of overseas em ployment income[7]. 2.Issues: The present issue depends on the determination of taxable income of the payer of tax which has the personal business of the Teacher of Golf. Legislation: Barratt v. FC of T92 ATC Henderson v. FC of T(1970) Taxation Rulings TR 93/11 Subsection 6-5 (2) and (3) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 Subsection 25 (1) Application: In compliance with subsection 6-5 (2) and (3) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 it is compulsory for each of the taxpayers to take account of the income which is taxable in the gross or total income which they generate[8]. As mentioned in subsections 6-5 (2) and (3) an income ascertained at the time of the income year but obtained from another income year was thought of as a topic of speculation by the taxpayers. It is crucial for the taxpayers to apply the suitable method of ascertaining the earnings applied in a particular year of income[9]. As defined in taxation rulings of TR 93/11 it is important for each individual to apply one of the two processes namely the earning process or receipt process of the accounting tax in order to determine the assessable income. Based on the TR 93/11 the fee income receipt, under the subsection 25 (1) will be regarded as connected to the ordinary conceptions of ITAA 1936 for experts or professionals whose income is to be assessed under the accrual basis[10]. As is clear from the scenario discussed, which was received by Paul, he received a free earning from the golfs private lessons from his clients. This gave the introduction to the concepts discussed under subsection 25 (1) of the ITAA[11]. This needs to be ascertained from the current study on Paul with regard to the contract that Paul entered. It has also been determined that the Paul was given a fee by Doreen, after imparting five years of golf lessons. This resulted in the recoverable debt establishment in case the professional person is not required to perform any actions before the debt is entitled to be paid. There is the possibility of recovering the fees if the time for reimbursement has been sanctioned. In the case of Henderson v. FC of T(1970) assessable income in terms of accrual basis is ascertained under the subsection 25 (1) of the ITAA where a recoverable debt is formed. Along with this particular development, an individual who is extremely professional receives the fee income beforehand and an arrangement has been created between the client and the professionals fee income, which is generated becomes connected either entirely or partially for which the person completes the work[12]. From the current scenario it is evident that the derivable fee income by Paul, is thought of as a part of his assessable income will be considered at the time of considering the determination of tax liability. From the current study of Paul, the fee income receipt by Doreen would be considered as a segment of assessable income. The amount of fees that Paul received would be regarded as the assessable income. This is because, the fee receipt would be considered as assessable income for the lesson he provided to his client[13]. During the time of ascertaining the assessable income belonging to Paul, receipt of sum $6,000 and $28,000 from the lessons on Golf, would be considered as taxable income. As in the case of Barratt v. FC of T92 ATC the court of Australia has also taken the statutory impediment under consideration at the beginning of the proceedings of bad but recoverable debt[14]. Particular Amount Receipt 6000 Lessons from Golf 28000 Taxable income 34000 However, this does not put of the time of derived fee income under the subsection 25 (1) by the professional person, the income of whom would be treated for tax purpose under the accrual basis[15]. Conclusion: In terms of the conclusion of the stated case study, the situation of Paul, is thought of as the considered as the aftermath of income tax at the time of business. With regard to the sub-section 25 (1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 the amount which Paul received as his earnings, from the golf lessons imparted, are to be treated as assessable income and will be taken into consideration in the calculation of the assessable income. Reference List: Anderson, Colin, Jennifer Dickfos, and Catherine Brown. "The Australian Taxation Office-what role does it play in anti-phoenix activity?."INSOLVENCY LAW JOURNAL24.2 (2016): 127-140. Barkoczy, Stephen. "Foundations of Taxation Law 2016."OUP Catalogue(2016). Blakelock, Sarah, and Peter King. "Taxation law: The advance of ATO data matching."Proctor, The37.6 (2017): 18. Braithwaite, Valerie. "Responsive regulation and taxation: Introduction."Law Policy29.1 (2013): 3-10. Cao, Liangyue, et al. "Understanding the economy-wide efficiency and incidence of major Australian taxes."Treasury WP1 (2015). Davis, Angela K., et al. "Do socially responsible firms pay more taxes?."The Accounting Review91.1 (2015): 47-68. Fry, Martin. "Australian taxation of offshore hubs: an examination of the law on the ability of Australia to tax economic activity in offshore hubs and the position of the Australian Taxation Office."The APPEA Journal57.1 (2017): 49-63. Pinto, Dale. "State taxes."Australian Taxation Law. CCH Australia Limited, 2011. 1763-1762. ROBIN, H.AUSTRALIAN TAXATION LAW 2017. OXFORD University Press, 2017. Ross, Monique, Jarrod Walker, and John Walker. "Multinationals targeted down under."Taxation in Australia52.1 (2017): 22. Smith, Fiona, et al. "Reforms required to the Australian tax system to improve biodiversity conservation on private land."Environmental and planning law journal33.5 (2016): 443-450. Snape, John, and Jeremy De Souza.Environmental taxation law: policy, contexts and practice. Routledge, 2016. Tan, Lin Mei, Valerie Braithwaite, and Monika Reinhart. "Why do small business taxpayers stay with their practitioners? Trust, competence and aggressive advice."International Small Business Journal34.3 (2016): 329-344. Taylor, Grantley, and Grant Richardson. "The determinants of thinly capitalized tax avoidance structures: Evidence from Australian firms."Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation22.1 (2013): 12-25. Vann, Richard J. "Hybrid Entities in Australia: Resource Capital Fund III LP Case." (2016). Woellner, R. H., et al.Australian Taxation Law Select: Legislation and Commentary 2016. Oxford University Press, 2016. Pinto, Dale. "State taxes."Australian Taxation Law. CCH Australia Limited, 2011. 1763-1762. Woellner, R. H., et al.Australian Taxation Law Select: Legislation and Commentary 2016. Oxford University Press, 2016. ROBIN, H.AUSTRALIAN TAXATION LAW 2017. OXFORD University Press, 2017. Blakelock, Sarah, and Peter King. "Taxation law: The advance of ATO data matching."Proctor, The37.6 (2017): 18. Braithwaite, Valerie. "Responsive regulation and taxation: Introduction."Law Policy29.1 (2013): 3-10. Vann, Richard J. "Hybrid Entities in Australia: Resource Capital Fund III LP Case." (2016). Barkoczy, Stephen. "Foundations of Taxation Law 2016."OUP Catalogue(2016). Snape, John, and Jeremy De Souza.Environmental taxation law: policy, contexts and practice. Routledge, 2016. Cao, Liangyue, et al. "Understanding the economy-wide efficiency and incidence of major Australian taxes."Treasury WP1 (2015). Taylor, Grantley, and Grant Richardson. "The determinants of thinly capitalized tax avoidance structures: Evidence from Australian firms."Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation22.1 (2013): 12-25. Fry, Martin. "Australian taxation of offshore hubs: an examination of the law on the ability of Australia to tax economic activity in offshore hubs and the position of the Australian Taxation Office."The APPEA Journal57.1 (2017): 49-63. Ross, Monique, Jarrod Walker, and John Walker. "Multinationals targeted down under."Taxation in Australia52.1 (2017): 22. Anderson, Colin, Jennifer Dickfos, and Catherine Brown. "The Australian Taxation Office-what role does it play in anti-phoenix activity?."INSOLVENCY LAW JOURNAL24.2 (2016): 127-140. Davis, Angela K., et al. "Do socially responsible firms pay more taxes?."The Accounting Review91.1 (2015): 47-68. Smith, Fiona, et al. "Reforms required to the Australian tax system to improve biodiversity conservation on private land."Environmental and planning law journal33.5 (2016): 443-450.

Lemon Mobile Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

Lemon Mobile Megan Clarey CCI March 8, 2000 The Lemon Mobile Ever since I set eyes on my car, I have had nothing but a headache. Not only is it the loudest car, but it also drifts right into the trees, and it shakes at thirty and sixty m.p.h. Even with all of my car's faults, nothing prepared me for its final act of cruelty. My lemon died thirty minutes before warm-ups for our big game, and I had the starting line up with me. Laura, Allison, Kristen, Kierra, and I had all packed into my two-door death trap to get a snack at Dunkin Donoughts. Being the responsible upper classman, I made sure we left with ample time to get ready for the game. Unfortunately, there wasn't enough time in the world to help us with our disaster. We were stopped at a red light howling along to a Lenny Kravitz song, which I now hate, when Kristen nervously uttered,? Meg I think your car stopped running.? I confidently replied, ?Nah!? Well, to my surprise, when I stepped on the gas, we didn't go anywhere. All of a sudden, I began laughing hysterically and the rest of them chimed in, until, ?BEEP? the light had turned green! ?AAHH!? we shrieked. We finally realized that we were stuck in a useless hunk of metal at Toms River's busiest intersection. ?What are we gonna do I thought. At the time, shrieking and laughing were our best solutions. Finally, as people were going around us, giving us the finger and cursing at us, my four skinny mini passengers got out to push my 2000 lb. pile of tin. As they set out on their mission to rescue us from being stranded in a sea of road rage, all I could do was laugh. The time was twenty minutes until warm-ups and my mighty mouse teammates had managed to push my lemon into Amoco's parking lot. We had to hurry and this scrap heap running again. Laura yelled,? Maybe it needs anti-freeze!? So, she galloped away to the store and in two minutes she was back with a container of anti-freeze. After we poured the fluid into my car, we tried to start my car, ?Vroom Vroom!? ?Nothing! Shit!? I panicked. So, we decided to stare at the car a little longer hoping the car would tell us what it needed. There were only five minutes of stretching time left, and we were still stranded ten minutes away from school. ?We are so dead,? I thought to myself. As we stood there, Allison went to call for help. She came shuffling back, ? Well the good news is we have a ride the bad news is Mills is *censored*ing pissed.? ?Shit!? we uttered. I mean I could see why she would be a little upset because it was thirty minutes before our big game, and her starting line up was stranded at the Amoco station instead of being at the field for warm ups. It was thirty minutes before the game, we had missed warm ups and we were scared of what Mills was going to do to us, but wait, our chariot was there. ?Hooray!? we sang in harmony. Unfortunately, our chariot was a Jeep. A Jeep can hold two people comfortably three is all right, but six was not possible. If you have ever seen a clown car then you know how we fit into our mouse hole ride. In the front was the driver and two passengers, in the back was two people in the seats and one was lying across them. I was in the front with Kristen's rear end crushing my legs. Needless to say, it was the longest ten-minute ride I had ever been on. Not only was I into a small bucket seat but also at every bump in the road Kristin's bum was digging more and more into my leg. We finally arrived two minutes before crunch time. As we drove onto the field, we were greeted by boisterous cheering from our loyal fans ( I guess someone had told them). We staggered and fell out of our clown mobile, all red as stop signs, hurriedly entered the playing field. We did win the game, and I learned a valuable lesson from the whole experience. I learned that if you are going to go to get a snack before a big game, then go in a car that has fallen apart fewer than five times. English

Pierre Bourdieu Biography and His Work

Pierre Bourdieu Biography and His Work Pierre Bourdieu was a renowned sociologist and public intellectual who made significant contributions to  general sociological theory, theorizing the link between education and culture, and research into the intersections of taste, class, and education. He is well known for pioneering such terms as symbolic violence, cultural capital, and habitus. His book  Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste  is the most cited sociology text in recent decades. Biography Bourdieu was born August 1, 1930, in Denguin, France, and died in Paris on January 23, 2002. He grew up in a small village in the south of France and attended a public high school nearby before moving to Paris to attend  the Lycà ©e Louis-le-Grand. Following that, Bourdieu studied philosophy at the École Normale Supà ©rieure- also in Paris. Career and Later Life Upon graduation, Bourdieu taught philosophy at the high school of Moulins, a small town in mid-central France, before serving in the French army in Algeria, then taking a post as lecturer in Algiers in 1958. Bourdieu conducted ethnographic research  while the Algerian War continued. He studied the conflict via the Kabyle people, and the results of this study were published in Bourdieus first book, Sociologie de LAlgerie (The Sociology of  Algeria). Following his time in Algiers, Bourdieu returned to Paris in 1960. Shortly after he commenced teaching at the University of Lille, where he worked until 1964. It was at this time that Bourdieu became Director of Studies at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales and founded the Center for European Sociology. In 1975 Bourdieu helped found the interdisciplinary journal Actes de la Recherche en Sciences Sociales, which he shepherded until his death. Through this journal, Bourdieu sought to denationalize social science, to break down the preconceived notions of ordinary and scholarly common sense, and to break out of established forms of scientiï ¬ c communication by commingling analysis, raw data, ï ¬ eld documents, and pictorial illustrations. Indeed, the motto for this journal was to display and to demonstrate. Bourdieu received many honors and awards in his life, including Mà ©daille dOr du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in 1993;  the Goffman Prize from the University of California, Berkeley in 1996; and in 2001, the Huxley Medal of the Royal Anthropological Institute. Influences Bourdieus work was influenced by founders of sociology, including Max Weber, Karl Marx, and Émile Durkheim, as well as by other scholars from the disciplines of anthropology and philosophy. Major Publications The School as a Conservative Force (1966)Outline of a Theory of Practice (1977)Reproduction in Education, Society, and Culture (1977)Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgment of Taste (1984)Forms of Capital (1986)Language and Symbolic Power  (1991)

Analysis Of Todays Consumerism Anthropology Essay

It is where people encounter strong force to see and purchase merchandises. A perfect illustration to demo grounds exists in manner universe. There is strong indicant of tense competition happens between dressing industry to win the market. In relation to that, the shop has become one cardinal facet or instead a strong statement to make trade name consciousness among public. The inquiry arise is how, in a comparatively over-saturated market, a shop can be perchance designed to convey strong message to pull the ‘crowd of consumerism ‘ into the infinite. 1.1. Consumerism Today The thought of consuming has changed over the past decennaries. Back to the early human civilisation period, most of the activities were needs-driven actions. Earlier, as huntsman gatherer, human hunted animate beings to be able to eat. Followed by agricultural period, agriculture and works cultivation were done to bring forth their nutrient. Consuming was a mere activity that must be done in order to last. In Industrial and technological age, the manner people consume things has changed. As more diverse merchandise being produced and diverse ways of distribution being invented, there are pleasure factors of devouring in signifier of picks. Peoples find excitement in taking what they want to devour. This leads to modern consumerism where the construct of consuming goes beyond the demands of endurance. 1.2.Shopping as Modern Consumerism Shopping is the twenty-first century ‘s representation of human consumerism. Peoples find delectations surrounded by scope of different stores and trade names. To be able to take and compares is the high spot of modern life consumerism. In signifiers of choosing, purchasing, and utilizing, shopping has catered these demands. Shopping can be seen as in a positive manner of carry throughing people ‘s demands and wants. But seemingly, it has developed so fast, in footings of activity, infinite, and merchandises. And over the past decennaries, it becomes major facet in human life. Museums, libraries, airdromes, infirmaries, and schools are going progressively identical from shopping. Their acceptance of retail for endurance has unleashed an tremendous moving ridge of commercial entrapment that has transformed museumgoers, research workers, travellers, patients, and pupils into clients ( Koolhaas cited in Luna, 2005, p.26 ) Shopping is arguably the most cosmopolitan activity today. The manner interior decorator design infinite has to follow this thought every bit good. Space has to be designed in such a manner to suit this, to enable people to shop anyplace, anytime. 1.3.The Being of Fashion Retail Fashion retail possibly is the best illustration to portray the modern consumerism. It shows how people thirstily choose what they wear under the limelight of diverse manner trade names. If the instance is taken to a higher degree, it demonstrates evidently how people determinations are led by pick alternatively of demands. High category manner trade names such as LMVH, Gucci, and Prada exist to function beyond people ‘s demand of vesture. They meet people ‘s desire for picks for scope of luxury merchandises. 1.4.Fashion of Singapore Singapore cityscape pictures clearly the being of international manner trade names. They, so, has become one strong attractive force point of Singapore for both local costumiers and tourers. Singapore is one of the chief competition spheres for these elephantine manner trade names in Asia. To be able to run into clients ‘ demand, every trade name has to come up with high-end design for its retail. Design and engineerings are optimized in its usage to hike the shopping experience that lead to trade name consciousness. All these things have to be done so that people will take certain trade name and non others. Orchard Road is a good illustration picturing the competition among these trade names. Interior design, facade intervention, show engineerings are being optimized to pull walkers along the route. 2.Retail Metempsychosis Peoples find pleasances in taking what they want. Retail has two different attacks in response to the demand. First, they must be able to supply a scope of merchandises for clients to take. Second, the retail itself capable to competition. That means it is besides considered one of so many picks in the market. In this affair, the retail has to turn out to the market that it is deserving chosen. The trade name, the merchandises, and the shop has to work together to stand out and creates strong consciousness in the market place. Retail has to rebirth, go forthing old conservative manner of advancing trade names, and making fresh interaction between merchandises and clients. 2.1.Brand Manifestation With a strong competition in the manner market, a strong typical image of a trade name is required to make public consciousness. The instance is non lone competition among merchandises but besides continues to the environment where the merchandises being promoted. At this phase, a shop has become cardinal tool for the trade name to make its images. A flagship shop is designed to represents the individuality of the trade name so. For new clients, the shop become the first things that attracts them before they go farther down to the merchandises being offered or even before they see the window shows. 2.1.1.Design for the Trade names Architecture and interior design are responsible to make environment to present merchandises to clients. Fashion retail, irrespective of manner, tendencies, or trade name individuality, should be able to make client consciousness and excite them to come and take it alternatively of other stores. This is the cardinal map of retail design before it goes down into a deeper and more specific case-based map. On higher degree, the designer or interior interior decorator must understand the nature of cloth and how single manner interior decorator, that is being represented, has their personal technique to handle it. This alone quality is the 1 that gives character to a trade name. The character, so, must be translated into the infinite in order to make strong statement of the trade name. 2.1.2.Emphasizing Fictional character In order to be typical in an over-crowded market, a strong character of the trade name is required. This character is projected from the manner the trade name transport itself to the market. It consists of scope of merchandises and service being offered, and the environment of where the commercial activities take topographic point. Retail design has to be able to make the ambiance that span clients and merchandises. The shop acts as a bundle and shelter, literally and metaphorically, to the trade name. The character will merely be emphasized if there is integrity between the trade name, the merchandise, and the shop. 2.1.3.Characterizing Structure A shop as a physical shelter might be more than plenty to envelope the commercial activity go oning under it. But in manner universe, it goes farther than functionality. More than merely a topographic point to expose the merchandise and supplying circulation for people to walk and shop the merchandise, the retail has to associate itself to the merchandise and the company doctrine. In other words, the shop has to set up relation, in signifier and intent, with the apparels. The physical construction, that provide commercial environment, has to intermix in with the apparels and make overall integrity. Merely by this manner, the client will see the bigger image of the trade name, and non loose pieces of the trade names. One ideal illustration of harmoniousness between trade name and shop is shown in Calvin Klein shop located in Avenue Montaigne, Paris. Its shop, designed by John Pawson in 2002, made a good illustration of how the character of the apparels -especially the early Calvin Klein ‘s work- has been translated into the retail infinite. ( Klein ) has said â€Å" It ‘s of import non to confound simpleness with uninteresting, † and executes his simplified, refined, sportswear-based forms in epicurean natural fibres, †¦( Stegemeyer, 2004, p.130 ) It is the thought of simpleness that is systematically conveyed through the trade name, merchandises, and shop. Straight lines and clear infinite sequences brings out the lucidity of the apparels, making a clean and elusive atmosphere of the shop. The coveted simpleness atmosphere is reinforced through impersonal coloring material that is achieved by stuffs and illuming installing. 2.2.Design Differentiation A character manifestation to a infinite is inevitability necessities to make strong trade name consciousness. However, irrespective of the trade name that is being represented, manner shop can be typical by itself. It is a 2nd measure after set uping strong representation of the trade name. This is about different attack from the experience side, researching the interaction between merchandises and clients in a conducive controlled environment. In other word, it redefines the manner people shop inside a shop, making a fresh shopping experience. 2.2.1.New Fashion Stores Fundamental With Singapore landscape that has been over-crowded with shopping promenades and retail shops, the creative activity of retail shop should be more carefully considered. When the market is driven by consumerism, the rate of retail formation will go on to lift up. However, any retail creative activity should see avoiding similar add-on to the bing scene that might make impregnation to market. It is a scheme to hedge the similarity and, at the same clip, open up a opportunity to stand out in the market place. To turn to the issues, the shop must provide certain factors in its design attack in malice of the trade name it conveys. 2.2.2.Flexible Frequent Space Retails should be able to update themselves often. It has to be able to accommodate to new merchandises, seasonality, and client tendencies. There is a high degree of experimentation in retail design. It relates to manner, and manner alterations invariably, is surprising and wants to make experiences ( de Wild, 2009, p.14 ) In progress degree, apart from the impermanent things, it has to alter in order to make different interaction between clients and merchandise in each brush. In other word it needs to switch, non merely in footings of layout, but in a bigger shop strategy. By using this construct, it is non merely the window shows that change every clip new merchandises are launched, but the whole shop represent the show that able to alter wholly. The thought can be achieved by using modular system for the furniture, puting digital multimedia interface, utilizing less heavy fixed show furniture, and put ining replaceable illuming systems. 2.2.3.Centre of Social Activities The new construct of retail shop is non simply about providing commercial activities -selling, advertisement, and purchasing. It is to integrate retail infinite and communal infinite to be a societal meeting point. With the planetary tendency of denationalization, I think we are most interested in the thought of shopping as a new sort of public infinite. How can we enrich these experiences? Can we convey new content, information, thoughts and ocular experiences to shopping in a thoughtful and dynamic manner? ( Seller, 2009, p. 23 ) The thought is to ease people do many other animating activities in their shopping clip. This thought can be done by open-space construct shop, creative activity of different communal infinites inside the shop, and even distribution between merchandise show and cosmetic points -plants, resting furniture, etc. The ideal integrating of societal infinite and commercial infinite is when people are able to rest and relief without any force per unit area to purchase while they are unconsciously take pleasance in the merchandises and tempted to purchase. 2.2.4.Cultural Relevance Local relevance is of import to do a shop appears hospitable. Establishing relation with the local civilization is important to associate the planetary trade name to smaller local market. Selling merchandises is non about pelting possible clients with the planetary merchandises. Alternatively, it has to be relevant to the context and understand local clients. This can be manifested through adaptative re-use of local landmark as retail infinite, redevelopment of historical aged edifice, and design merger between trade name character and local civilization. The new construct shop is about being able to unite the attraction of the trade name with local gustatory sensation to make strong invitation and besides sense of belonging to clients. The design attack mentioned above can be applied into a shop regardless of trade names and merchandises. The intent is to make new manner of shopping. Back to the statement before where people find satisfaction to be able to take, it is how the choosing activity can be more valuable and rich in experience. When this attack merged with the trade name character, it becomes a holistic bundle that convey strongly to the market place. The mission is accomplished when people find delight in choosing and be able to trustingly take the trade name. 3. Decision The consumerism-driven market will do people enthusiastically choose the merchandises they want. With an over-saturated market in Singapore, an unconventional design is required to for a manner retail to be typical and therefore, win the market. First, the shop has to attest the trade name that it represents. The shop design must convey the trade name and merchandises philosophy to make holistic image and strong trade name consciousness. Second, in footings experience, it must make refreshing and enriching manner of shopping. In effort to accomplish the experience, shop demands to be designed with consideration of three attacks ( flexible frequent infinite, centre of societal activities, and cultural relevancy ) . The new retail shop requires changeless altering in order to supply up to day of the month shopping experience for clients. A shop has to be a societal assembly more than a commercial topographic point, supplying a placid customer-oriented ambiance. Additionally, it is nece ssary for a shop to hold a connexion with local context and make a sense of belonging in clients mind. Bibliography Antonini, Alessandra. 2008.Design Boutiques. Barcelona: Linkss Design Council, 2009.Retail Design. [ Online ] ( Updated 26 Oct 2008 ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.designcouncil.org.uk/About-Design/Design-Disciplines/Retail-Design/ [ Accessed 17 January 2010 ] de Wild, Femke. 2009. Retail Future.FRAME. Issue 69, Jul/Aug, p.14. EnterpriseOne, 2009.Recent Retail Trends A ; Future Developments. [ Online ] ( Updated 01 Jan 2010 ) Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.business.gov.sg/EN/Industries/Retail/StatisticsNTrends/FactsFiguresNTrends/retail_overview_trends.htm [ Accessed 12 January 2010 ] Harvard Design School. 2001.The Harvard Design School Guide to Shoping. Cambridge: Taschen Pawson, John.Calvin Klein Store Paris[ Photographs ] [ Online ] Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.johnpawson.com/architecture/stores/calvinklein/paris [ Accessed 5 April 2010 ] Luna, Ian. 2005.Retail. Architecture + Shoping. New York: Rizzoli Manuelli, Sara. 2006.Design for Shoping. London: Laurence King Mostaedi, Arian. 2004.Cool Shops. Singapore: Page One Pawley, Martin. 2000. Fashion + Architecture. London: Wiley-Academy Riewoldt, Otto. 2000.Retail Design.London: Page One 2002. Brandscaping. Berlin: Birkhauser Sellers, Susan. 2009. 2Ãâ€"4, Inc on interview with Idn.Idn vol 15 figure 6,pp.22-23. Singapore Department of Statistic. 2009. Yearbook of Statistics Singapore.Statisticss Singapore[ Internet ] ( Updated 13 Aug 2009 ) Available at:www.singstat.gov.sg/pubn/reference/yos09/yos2009.pdf [ Accessed 10 January 2010 ] . Stegemeyer, Anne. 2004.Who ‘s Who in Fashion. New York: Fairchild Publication.

Issue Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Issue Analysis - Essay Example Though there is no definite law protecting bisexual, lesbian, and gay employees from discrimination at work, there are possible amendments to existing laws that could benefit bisexual, lesbian, and gay employees, dependent on the jurisdiction the employee is in and the type of employment the employee holds. For employees employed by the federal or state government, in case of termination, there should be the option of suing the employer based on a violation of federal or state due process and equal protection of law. The procedural due process case should be able to assert that the termination of the bisexual, lesbian, or gay employee violated due process if the employee was not given an opportunity to be heard or a proper notice prior to the date of effectivity of the termination. A considerable due process case should address the equality of the law itself. The employee should be able to file a case against the employer in case the federal or state's termination of the employee for being bisexual, lesbian, or gay in unreasonable and would dispossess the employee of a property or personal right ensured by the constitution. An equal protection argument must be able to assert that the employer gave a different treatment to the bisexual, lesbian, or gay employee from other equally placed employees, for no grounds that are justifiable in law (4). E Employers have no trouble dealing with the worry of proving that the reason for a government action is rational. Until now, alienage, nationality, and race are the only classifications that were directly given the mantle of suspect classification that has produced the instinctive utilization of the pressing state interest test (5). Also, quasi-suspect qualifications were recognized by the Court (6), and merely one court has spared putting lesbians, bisexuals, and gays in this classification (7). That middle ground between rational basis and suspect class require a showing that the government action can be "significantly associated to a valid interest of the state" (8). For employers, it is not hard to defend the disparity in treatment between non-gay and gay employees under the more relaxed rational basis test. Even though courts have largely backed off from allowing a disparity in management based mainly on the employee's identification or standing as lesbian or gay (9), it gener ally does not take much to prove that being lesbian or gay is, on way or another, linked to performance at work. For example, the possibility of security risks from discovery of lesbian or gay employees' affinity orientation was a frequently used justification in treating these employees differently (10). This happens even when the employee does not really conceal their orientation or affinity so that "discovery" is not really a concern (11). On the other hand, some local and state jurisdictions have in fact implemented laws particularly to protect lesbian and gay public employees from discrimination at work, therefore freeing them from this legal struggle over due process or equal protection classification (12). Private Employees The situation is not considerably different for private employees. There is almost no protection from suffering job discrimination merely by being bisexual, lesbian, or gay, or being perceived as such, unless the employee resides in one of the few states that have anti-discrimination laws (13). Under the

Discussion 4 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion 4 - Coursework Example However, research on anesthetized patients could avoid all of these issues. For example, if you asked the research question: â€Å"which type of anaesthestic has a longer lag between the end of surgery and the full awakening of the patient?†, you could select patients for your study that would have already been given different types of anaesthetic already. Alternatively, you could select patients and medications such that the change of anaesthetic would not greatly impact the safety of the patient and could therefore be ethically switched for the point of the research. It is unlikely such research would be contaminated by the informed consent of the patients, as they cannot â€Å"will† themselves awake from surgery any earlier, and would be unlikely to want to do so anyway. They would have no connection with the anaesthetic administered and so have no desire to change the results of the medication on their bodies, unlike with a curative or analgesic medication which the y would want to work and so might say that the effects were stronger due to a placebo effect. References YIN, R. K. 2009. Case study research: design and methods, Sage Publications.

How Authors Affected the Frontier Movement Essay Example for Free

How Authors Affected the Frontier Movement Essay The Frontier Movement is a period in American history that refers to the westward movement of Americans toward the Pacific Ocean during the mid-1800s lasting until the early 1900’s. This movement was characterized by an expansionist zeal for opportunity and adventure, but was also heavily characterized by widespread social oppression and reform. It was during this time that both authors and reformists were inspired to write and share their ideas, many of which called attention to the often ignored social injustices of the time. These author’s ideas not only were inspired by the movement (the beginning of American Literature), but also heavily fueled and contributed to the movement in return. Authors Mark Twain and Susan B. Anthony, for example, played an important role in the frontier movement through their writings as they used these to convey the feelings they held toward America’s crooked social discrimination and socio-economic disparities. Mark Twain and Susan B. Anthony are considered to be two of America’s first American Literature authors. Mark Twain, known as the â€Å"Father of America Literature†, became an author in the West after the end of the Civil War. Susan B. Anthony, known as one of the first women’s activists, works focused mainly on the gender inequality customary of the time. Both of these author’s works are recognized as being bold and reflecting much of the American frontier movement’s attitude and ailments. Their works helped fuel their readers understanding of who they were and helped inspire their audience in the spirit of the frontier movement. Mark Twain’s works often embodied the newly discovered American frontier spirit of individuality and adventure. His works were both entertaining and encouraged Americans to create their own destiny. This was both a popular and significant notion during the frontier movement as it embodied the idea’s Americans had about expanding westward in search of a new life. In addition to his inspirational and humorous works, his writings also addressed the social discrimination he witness during the era of the frontier movement. Many of his works, like Huckleberry Finn for example, showed the possibility of bringing change to a world dominated by racism and foolishness. His works both captured American’s imagination, inspired American’s frontier attitude, and called attention to social wrongs. Susan B. Anthony’s works focused more on the boldness of the American. Rather than idolizing the spirit of America, she often called Americans out on the social injustices prevalent throughout America during the frontier era and promoted change. She called attention to both American racism and especially gender inequality. While Americans were beginning to identify the distinctly American characteristics they took pride in, Susan B. Anthony identified the aspects of American life that Americans came to realize they should be ashamed of. Her writings and causes were bold, reflecting the rugged American Spirit, but her works also helped shape the social aspects of the American Frontier movement. The frontier movement of America marked the beginning of American identity, and thus the beginning of American Literature. It was this movement that influenced the works of becoming authors, many, who in turn, influenced the frontier movement. Mark Twain and Sarah B. Anthony both contributed to the frontier movement through their writings in that they helped Americans realize their identity. During the frontier movement, Americans began to see themselves as an adventurous and bold people, and it was these authors who helped Americans gain and develop an understanding of who they were, even though their ideas were often negative. In short, by providing Americans with literature about who the American people were, the authors helped inspire Americans to express this new attitude of adventure and recognize American social values in the Frontier Movement.

Introduction to Romanticism Essay -- essays research papers

For many years, this period and these writers were known as the American Renaissance, a coin termed by F.O. Matthiessen in his book of that name in 1941. This book set the parameters of how to read and connect these writers until relatively recently, when its limitations, especially in terms of defining the "canon" of literary giants and what made them (all male) "giants" have been recognized and challenged. However, the term is still useful to some degree. It is a misnomer, if one thinks of the period as a time of rebirth of some earlier literary greatness, as the European Renaissance, because there was nothing to be "reborn." The great writers of this period, roughly 1840-1865 although more particularly 1850-1855, marked the first maturing of American letters. It was a Renaissance in the sense of a flowering, excitement over human possibilities, and a high regard for individual ego. It was definitely and even defiantly American, as these writers strugg led to understand what "American" could possibly mean, especially in terms of a literature which was distinctively American and not British. Their inability to resolve this struggle--and it was even more a personal one than a nationalistic one, for it questioned their identity and place in society--did much to fire them creatively. However, we will call this American romanticism, though it shares many characteristics with British romanticism. It flourished in the glow of Wordsworth's poetic encounter with nature and himself in The Prelude, Coleridge's literary theories about the reconciliation of opposites, the romantic posturings and irony of Byron, the lush imagery of Keats, and the transcendental lyricism of Shelley, even the Gothicism of Mary Shelley and the Bronte sisters. Growing from the rhetoric of salvation, guilt, and providential visions of Puritanism, the wilderness reaches of this continent, and the fiery rhetoric of freedom and equality, though, the American brand of romanticism developed its own character, especially as these writers tried self-consciously to be new and original. The glory years were 1850-1855. What was it in American culture and British influences that led to the incredible flowering of masterpieces in this era: Emerson's Representative Men, Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, The House of Seven Gables, Melville's Moby-Dick and Pierre,... ...arative contact, but they are useful and important ones. Perhaps we will risk some confusion here and certainly we will have to neglect some biographical context as we "mix and match" writers. But we will be able to focus on those ideas which united (and even divided) them that makes us able to call them all "romantics." After we have read a work, we will "revive" it in discussions of later topics, taking the different perspective, for there must a certain arbitrariness in "assigning" a work to only one theme. Great and complex works must not be limited like that! So rather than progressing through time and historical/biographical contexts, we will keep circling recursively (as Emerson says we must), seeing how the different works and writers explore the major aspects of romantic thought and art. Our base is necessarily Emerson, the literary giant of his time in America, for better or worse. Though his writing is often difficult to read, it was, in fact, the match that lit all of the creative fires of his time. He put his pen on all of the sensitive spots in the American creative psyche; Whitman was not the only one to "boil."

Justice in Hamlet

Hamlet, a timeless tragedy written by literary mastermind William Shakespeare, has puzzled scholars for decades. Hamlet, who is arguably the most enigmatic character in English literature, is a vividly thoughtful young prince who conspires revenge on his uncle Claudius for the murder of his father King Hamlet. Hamlet becomes obsessed with achieving this justice for his father's death, a duty he views as noble, but he quickly comes to realize that carrying out the murder is not as simple a task as he originally thought.As evidenced by events that unfold that result in the death of many of his friends and family, and also himself, a sense of justice can become easily warped and corrupted when revenge is the motivator. Hamlet's quest for justice is first introduced when he is visited by an ambiguous ghost who claims to be his father, the former king. The ghost tells Hamlet the details of his murder, including that his uncle Claudius is the culprit. Hamlet, shocked and angry, avows to av enge his father's death.He swears he will forget all of the fond memories he had of his uncle Claudius, saying, â€Å"from the table of my memory I'll wipe away all trivial fond records† (Act 1, Scene 5). He replaces these memories with a tarnished image of Claudius as a murderer, and resolves that, in order for justice to be guaranteed, Claudius must also be murdered. However, despite becoming infatuated with this revenge, Hamlet delays multiple times in killing Claudius. His initial delay was to prove Claudius' guilt, which he does so by staging a play that reenacts King Hamlet's murder.A perfect opportunity arises later for Hamlet to carry out his revenge, but Claudius is confessing his sins, which conflicts with Hamlet's idea of true justice: he does not want Claudius' soul to go to heaven after his death. Instead, he decides to wait to murder Claudius until after he has committed a sin. Although these actions seen to indicate Hamlet's infatuation with perfecting the time and circumstance of Claudius' murder, Hamlet acts rashly after seeing a figure behind a curtain: he believes this to be Claudius, and impulsively stabs the figure, but it ends up being Polonius, the father of Ophelia and Laertes.This brings about more problems for Hamlet, adding further complexity to a situation that was originally supposed to be straightforward: Ophelia, gone mad by the death of her father, commits suicide by drowning herself, and Laertes, encouraged by Claudius, begins his pursuit of justice by avenging the deaths of his father and beloved sister. At the beginning of the play, Hamlet is presented as a normal, albeit bitter, young man. Upon hearing of his uncle's treachery, Hamlet initially seeks out justice for his father's murder, determined to catch Claudius in a confession and expose him.However, Hamlet's original intentions of serving justice become lost, first when he decides to play the ‘antic disposition', then when he sets up the play ‘The Mou setrap', arranging the execution of his school friends, and finally when he forces Claudius to drink from the poisoned goblet. However, due to Hamlet's consumption with revenge, all of his loved ones die until he is left with nothing by the play's end. Realizing that his vengeful actions have, in some way or another, caused the deaths of those he loved, Hamlet's death is somewhat suitable, but certainly not satisfying.The reader does not finish the play with a feeling that justice has been served. Instead, we are left with a stark, bloody conclusion to what the seeds of revenge can sow. But the other themes of death are seen in Laertes pursuit of justice for the death of his father by Hamlet's hand and as a consequence his sister Ophelia's death. Characters who want justice: Hamlet – To restore justice Hamlet needs to expose not just Claudius but his mother as well, something he finds difficult.He does indeed finally kill his uncle after his mother has been poisoned but only becomes king long enough to name his successor as he is dying himself at the time he kills Claudius. He can restore justice by becoming the rightful king of Denmark and exposing his uncle as a murderer. i am justly killed with mine own treachery. Well, consider the price that was paid in order for Hamlet to exact his revenge: Ophelia shunned, gone mad, then dying; good friends manipulated then murdered; Polonius mocked then murdered; Laertes driven to murder and violence; and a mother reprimanded and killed.

Development Phase Essay

In our group we started to develop the life of Billy Johnson and his triumph to becoming a war hero. Billy is an over confidante young man whom decides to join the war due to all the advertisement and belief form his father. Billy is convinced by propaganda that war will bring him loads of girls, fame and fortune and is gullible enough to take the risk and put his life on the line for un-thought of consequences. Unfortunately for Billy, little does he know that this decision will lead him to his cowardly death in the depth of the war. In my group we focused on showing how serious war can be and how you can be extremely hyped up and all of a sudden, that hype is shattered at the sounds of bullets blazing overhead. We used many elements of drama to express and enhance our piece. We started off our piece by having the whole family at the dinner table and the father (Umar) hands out the notice to Billy (me). This automatically kick starts Billy’s thoughts of becoming a hero and makes himself believe that he is unstoppable. Billy’s mum (Zeynap) and his younger sister (Marion) are shocked at the thought of Billy going into war especially at a young age of 16. This scene develops many emotions because the family are shocked but also disappointed at the father for filling Billy’s head with false hope. This starts off the reality of war because people don’t think about the casualties war can bring upon us. In Billy’s eyes it is a chance to become a real man and prove his mother and sister wrong that he can succeed and become a war hero. To show the different emotions flowing through each characters mind, we used thought tracking. We used this technique because we felt it is the best way for a character to express their feelings. Each member of the family expressed how they felt about Billy going to war so it was a good idea because the audience could get some information about the current mood of each character. In the second scene Billy went over to his mate James’s (Umar) house to try and convince him to join the army as well. This scene shows how Billy is too over confidante at the thought of war and it makes James see that Billy has his head in the clouds. James tries to remind Billy how dangerous war can be but Billy is too consistent on becoming a war hero. After a matter of convincing, Billy eventually manages to get James to agree a chance to become famous and join Billy’s side on the battlefield. This scene shows how people can be peer-pressured into activities and how your friend’s word isn’t always correct than your gut feeling. In the third scene we have Billy and James signing up for war. This scene was rather interesting because you can clearly see that Billy is really excited but James is rather doubtful at the thought of survival. Billy has to lie about his age to get signed up but it doesn’t really matter to Billy because his cockiness seems to get the better of him as he lies through his teeth. When he sees how nervous James is he decides to wait and encourage James to sign up. Then as Billy urges James forward, James has a monologue, which explains to the audience that James only wants to help people, not kill them. I think that Umar played this part of the scene very well because he reaches out and really touch the audience with his emotions towards war. In the monologue James shows how he is scared and nervous about going to war and is really re-thinking signing up. Unfortunately for him Billy is too focused on getting them both to war so poor James doesn’t really have a chance to tell Billy his feelings. The forth scene was a very intense scene. This scene takes place on the boat, which our brave soldiers are heading off to war. We introduce a new character in this scene. Matthew (Zeynap) is a rather brave and confidante character, mostly a resemblance to Billy. Matthew approaches the free seat next to James but is rudely told to go away by a very frustrated James. Billy lets him sit down and Matthew and Billy begin to talk about how Great War will be. Then suddenly James snaps back to reality and starts to state the obvious about how dangerous war can and will be. Billy tries to calm James down but to no avail. This scene was very affective because the scene was quite to start of with then James starts to shout and it livens up the tempo. As James exits the scene, both Matthew and Billy are left awkwardly deep in their thoughts. In our fifth scene we were situated in a crosscutting dill-lemma. In one scene we had James and Billy back to back in the trenches showing how scared they were and how terrified they both looked. On the other hand we had the mother and little sister back at home thinking about the two boys and how reminding themselves how safe they will be. This scene helped to emprise our true emotions towards war and how war can literally make or break you. The family scene was focused on how positive the war will be and how both family members had full faith In Billy and his courage to succeed. The mother was reassuring the little daughter that Billy will be safe and he will come back a real man. Then we go and look at the two boys in the trenches. You can see that both of them are terrified at the thought of war and will become emotionally depressed. We tried to use the technique of limiting words to try and make the scene more affective because the audience would see my the facial gestures that these two boys are really terrified and may regret the thought of joining the war. Throughout this scene it is clear the audience that everybody is human and even the strongest soldier can even get scared at the sight of men screaming and dieing before their very own eyes. Our sixth scene was the most emotional and exciting scene. In the scene Billy falls to his cowardly death. We tried to make this scene as emotional and touching to the audience because they see the fear in Billy. This scene starts off by Billy asking his fellow soldiers, was it the right decision going to war. James shoots back at him by reminding Billy that this was all his idea and he should face the music. As the cornel (Marion) notifies that it’s time to shape up and head into the battlefield, every soldier holds their breath, and charges for what could be their last few minutes on this Earth. But then all the focus turns to a whining, shameless Billy Johnson. After all his courage able talk, Billy whimpers in the corner of the trench, unwilling to charge. His cornel shouts at Billy and tells him to get up immediately. Billy refuses and back talks. This shocking coward ness form a soldier leads to Billy’s cowardly death. This scene proves to the audience that even the most cockily people can be overpowered by fear. It made me really feel for Billy as I played this scene because his father encouraged him that war will make him a hero. It made me realise that Billy was just a young boy trying to impress his family and make a small difference in this world. As Billy’s life ends, the next scene shows the after shock of this disgusting news. Our final scene shows how the thought of never hearing a family members voice, touching their skin or even smelly their scent can make you wish death upon you. This scene was very emotional because you can see how upset and distraught the family’s reactions were towards Billy’s death. These sorts of moments will always be remembered as emotional crashes in out lives. It makes us realise that you got to hold onto and be grateful for what you have because you don’t know what you have until it’s gone. In this project I have learnt a lot about the affects of war, the ups and downs and most importantly the way the human mind functions. This play made me realise that not everything is as exciting or rewarding as it’s said to be and we should think fully through our decisions before we make them.

Church in the Wild Analysis Essay Example

Church in the Wild Analysis Essay Example Church in the Wild Analysis Paper Church in the Wild Analysis Paper Essay Topic: Wild Jay Z no Church in the Wild With the release of their newest CD, Watch the Throne, many of Jay-Z and Kanye West’s most exclusive tracks have come under scrutiny. One particular song containing debatable yet obvious theological symbolism is â€Å"No Church in the Wild.† Citing and exclaiming their religious and social beliefs, as well as their activities in today’s society in this new song, Kanye West and Shawn Carter (Jay-Z) show deep symbolism of today’s culture, the influence of Plato and Socrates on them, as well as their controversial lifestyles. Also, containing a featured chorus by Frank Ocean and a bridge by The-Dream, these parts touch on the symbolism and influence of religion and love in many lives today. The Watch the Throne duo revealed their theological beliefs in this song in many ways typical of their style. The song starts off with Frank Ocean’s hook: â€Å"Human beings in a mob, What’s a mob to a king? What’s a king to a God? What’s a God to a non-believer who don’t believe in anything?† Each of these couplets have significance to one another and are all tied together. He starts off by saying that there are human beings in a mob. But what is one human being to a mob? It is insignificant by number, but numbers make up the masses. He then goes on to ask â€Å"What’s a mob to a king?† creating the question that asks: can a mob of people overcome a king or is a king too powerful? But what is a â€Å"king to a God?† Does a mortal king have as much power as an almighty spiritual God? The song begins to unfold when Frank Ocean sings, â€Å"What’s a God to a non-believer who don’t believe in anything?† Frank Ocean brings up an interesting question: if a God is almighty and powerful and has influence over itâ₠¬â„¢s followers, what does this God mean to a non-believer? A non-believer does not care about a God’s existence, so to this person, this God does not even exist or matter. God has just went from being the most powerful being in the universe to superstition. The hook is ended with and also begins the song with the line â€Å"Will he make it out alive, alright, alright, no church in the wild.† This line touches on the â€Å"non-believer† who doesn’t believe in a God and is, in a sense, in the wild. The non-believer has no one protecting him, including a God, so will he be safe in this world where there is no church and God protecting him? As Frank Ocean’s hook of the song endz, the song breaks down and Jay-Z’s verse begins. Jay-Z touches on some philosophical and religious topics throughout his verse. During the second line of his verse, he raps, â€Å"Lies on the lips of a priests, Thanksgiving disguised as a feast.† What if every priest, the messenger for God, whom was supposed to spread the truth, was just telling lies? The basic theme of the track is that you have to fight for yourself, as there is nobody else there to save you (no church in the wild). This is explored through the use of scripture and religious imagery. With the media, Internet, and other means of communication, it is hard to tell what information is true. Thanksgiving, the American holiday to celebrate America’s independence and God’ provisions for our nation, but is tabooed by the fact that we killed numerous Native Americans for our nation. In his sixth line, he states, â€Å"Drug dealer chic, I’m wondering if a thug’s prayers reach,† which is also a Tupac reference, and wonders whether or not a thug or criminal’s prayer is reached by God. From lines 7-9 (â€Å"Is Pious pious cause God.I know yall hear my sneaks†), Jay paraphrases â€Å"The Euthyphro Dilemma†: Do the gods love holy (pious) things because they are pious, or are those things that are pious made in this holy way because the gods love them? This comes back to Socrates and his questioning and wondering of why we do things for certain people or the gods to make them happy for no reasoning? Why do we want to make God happy? It is because we are told to make God happy through worship. Jays verse starts with him describing impurities in things that are supposed to be perfect (i.e. Tears on the mausoleum floor, blood stains on the Colosseum doors, lies on the lips of a priest etc.) He then insinuates that he, Jesus, and Kanye are a new Holy Trinity:Jesus was a carpenter, Yeezy he laid beats (Kanye built music like Jesus, a carpenter would build a house - this could also be a loose allusion to Kanyes song Jesus Walks). He’s setting the two of them up as Gods of Rap. Kanyes verse stays with the Trinity by rapping about a a threesome (we formed our own religion†). He then describes a girl who is a perfect apostle for him, with two tattoos that read, No Apologies and Love is Cursed by Monogamy.

Explain the relationship between performance and rewards Essay

Explain the relationship between performance and rewards - Essay Example When I was working at the sales department of Nestle Company I was offered three types of rewards: money, promotion and a vacation. Before these rewards could be offered, the goals of the department were clearly stipulated and aligned to organizational goals. Then we sat with the departmental manager to set individual goals which if achieved, reward would be given. We met periodically with the manager to review our performance and revise the goals if unachievable before performance was evaluated at the end of each year. Those of us who achieved our targets got monetary rewards and this made us to work harder for extra cash. I was also promoted from sales representative to sales manager and this motivated me to worker harder so as to climb up the ladder and achieve self-actualization. A vacation was also welcome to spend time with family away from the stress of work. This made me feel fresh on reporting back to work hence increased morale, job satisfaction and consequently improved pe rformance. If such rewards were not offered, then many employees would not go out of their way to ensure organizational goals are achieved or work beyond the expected performance. This is in line with the expectancy theory of motivation whereby employees expect to be given something in return for their extra effort (Hegar, 2012, p. 12). If they do not expect anything, the likelihood of losing morale is high. The most likely type of rewards to result in improved productivity are intrinsic rewards such as recognition, increased responsibility, challenging work, sense of accomplishment and belonging. These come from inside the person rather than from external source such as money given by a boss hence have more power to motivate (Hegar 2012). An employee is most likely to get used to external rewards hence views them as a norm thus reducing his/her motivation. For intrinsic rewards, an employee is not forced to

Advance Management accounting and performance management Essay - 1

Advance Management accounting and performance management - Essay Example Besides, initiating a fitness club is a fun and financially paying business that assists people get and remain strong, healthy and fit. Owning such a business enables an individual own an artistic and resourceful business in a recession-resistant field. This business entails providing fitness services, which include individual training services, and BFIT rehab, which refers to a physical rehabilitation service. The club will also sell a range of nutritional, fitness and health products. These include the company’s own BFIT nutritionals at its stores that will be exclusive in the center (Curtis, 2003). The facilities that must be present at Rollin Fitness Center include cardio training equipments like 50Kg Barbell Dumbbell set, magnum fitness flat and auto incline treadmill; strength equipments like BNRG Proto Whey 5Lbs, power rack and smith machine and bench package. Most gyms in Europe especially in UK charge  £500 to  £700 a month but to increase competitiveness, Rollin Fitness Center should charge  £450 to  £500 a month. Just as mentioned, the company intends to increase its competitive advantage and popularity by charging slightly lower than the normal costs for most gyms in UK. Therefore, Rollin Fitness will be charging  £450 -  £500 in order to attain several clients and be competitive in the market field. However, some clients do not wish to be at the gym on a daily basis meaning that they cannot pay full monthly cost (Kirk, 2000). Therefore, the company needs to come up with weekly charges as well as daily charges, which should be done according to hours spent in the gym. It is very difficult to come up with per unit cost for a fitness club since the center offers more of service than goods (Jeff, 2004). The best way to go about it is through coming up with an hourly cost statement for any person who visits the center for fitness services. Now that monthly cost is like  £500, weekly cost will be; Now, to determine